10 Interesting Facts About DNA

10 Interesting Facts About DNA DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid codes for your genetic make-up. There are lots of facts about DNA, but here are 10 that are particularly interesting, important, or fun. Key Takeaways: DNA Facts DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid.DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids the code for genetic information.DNA is a double-helix molecule built from four nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Even though it codes for all the information that makes up an organism, DNA is built using only four building blocks, the nucleotides adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.Every human being shares 99% of their DNA with every other human.If you put all the DNA molecules in your body end to end, the DNA would reach from the Earth to the Sun and back over 600 times (100 trillion times six feet divided by 92 million miles).A parent and child share 99.5% of the same DNA.You have 98% of your DNA in common with a chimpanzee.If you could type 60 words per minute, eight hours a day, it would take approximately 50 years to type the human genome.DNA is a fragile molecule. About a thousand times a day, something happens to it to cause errors. This could include errors during transcription, damage from ultraviolet light, or any of a host of other activities. There are many repair mechanisms, but some damage isnt repaired. This means you carry mutations! Some of the mutations cause no harm, a fe w are helpful, while others can cause diseases, such as cancer. A new technology called CRISPR could allow us to edit genomes, which might lead us to the cure of such mutations as cancer,  Alzheimers  and, theoretically, any disease with a genetic component. Scientists at Cambridge University believe humans have DNA in common with the mud worm and that it is the closest invertebrate genetic relative to us. In other words, you have more in common, genetically speaking, with a mud worm than you do with a spider or octopus or cockroach.Humans and cabbage share about 40-50% common DNA.Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA in 1869, although scientists did not understand DNA was the genetic material in cells until 1943. Prior to that time, it was widely believed that proteins stored genetic information.

much symbolism essays

much symbolism essays Much symbolism is used in William Golding's Lord of the Flies. The nature on the island is used as the primary source of symbolism. There are three main uses of nature's symbolism: a pink conch shell, a pig's head, and fire. Nature is a symbol that parallels to the real world. It helps prove the author's theory that Humankind is foolish and evil in any situation. The first important part of nature's symbolism is a pink conch shell. At the beginning of the book, it was found by Ralph (13). The conch shell represents power and authority. Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to the meeting (15). In the meetings, whoever has the shell has the power to speak. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a king and his scepter and crown, or other things which show who has power. It is also evident that objects don't give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralph's conch. The pig's head, or Lord of the Flies, is another important use of symbolism through nature. Jack and his hunters killed a pig and cut off its head (125). To Jack, the head is a sacrifice for the beast (127). This object demonstrates that people make religions and rituals to control their world, even though what they think is not true. Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the Devil, or Satan. When Simon communicated with Lord of the Flies, he found out what real evil was, which is the evil in the hearts of people. The pig's head is a symbol of the thing we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things aren't the real reason. Fire is the last symbol of nature. It stands for hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys had hope and were working hard to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because too many boys, like Jack, lost hope for being rescued. In the end, the fire that got the attention of naval officers was ironically not meant for rescue ...

Enchancinf m-commerce adoption in Thailand Essay

Enchancinf m-commerce adoption in Thailand - Essay Example This technology has seen rapid development and it has increased an organization’s ability to reach its customers regardless of the geographic distances due to which even farmers in India and Bangladesh made use of this technology. This in turn has created more demand for more advanced mobile devices with advance features. However, the success of m-commerce lies on mutual trust as trust plays a vital role in acceptance. It has become vital to the economic growth of a nation. While more than a third of mobile users in Japan had already used their phones to buy goods by 2003, m-commerce was introduced in Thailand only in 2005 (ATM Marketplace, 2003). It has been found that countries like Korea and Japan experience widespread penetration and success while another important Asian country – namely Thailand lags behind in e-commerce penetration. Developing countries have an advantage in adopting technology or ICT as they just have to follow the leader and thereby avoid costly mistakes (Gray & Sanzogni, 2004). Thailand has been competent in every respect, including political stability and financial robustness in introducing technology but it did not succeed. Penz (2006) contends that differences in behaviour and response pattern differ across culture and societies. Individuals group together through shared beliefs, emotions, lifestyles and consumption patterns. These perceptions, ideas and representations become the social creations and people base their responses accordingly. The attitude of the Thais has prevented new technologies from being accepted by the community at large (Gray & Sanzogni, 2004). This is because they do not tolerate failure and they do no readily accept ideas from the younger generation. This is also the reason that the government was slow to acknowledge the importance of internet for the progress of the nation. The Thai culture is based on trust and relationships with others,

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Interview - Assignment Example Improved communication has facilitated business and the economy. There is a slight difference between the communication systems between the USA and Brazil. The main difference arises in the language used in the two countries; Brazil communications systems utilize Portuguese while communications systems in USA use English. The two nations also differ due to the access to technology and the resources at the disposal of the nation. The technology in the United States is advanced compared to Brazil. The cost of communication equipment also differs across the two nations; access to information is cheaper in USA compared to Brazil (Hallin & Daniel 301). Developed communications in USA make communication reliable and fast this is an advantage compared to slower connections speeds in Brazil. Well developed communication system USA is cheaper compared to costs in Brazil, the high cost reduces the number of people with access to communication. Control over communication in USA enables the government to curb internet crimes which affect Brazil. Developed communication infrastructure in USA has facilitated trade and social communication. Increased communication between businesses has improved information flow thus economic growth. The advantages of the communications systems in Brazil are the unique culture and focus on the local community. Increased interaction between the countries is facilitating cultural transfer through tourism (Hallin & Daniel 307). Rodrigo and I have been communicating trough social media which has been facilitated by improved communication systems in the two countries. We have communicated a lot about the nature of our countries and the facilities available. Although the US has advanced communication technologies, Brazil has a rich culture which can be exported to other nations through

Rhetorical and Visual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetorical and Visual Analysis - Essay Example This notion has been followed by nearly all circles without regard to relevance of female models to the products or services being offered or sold. As a consequence, one may witness the presence of females in advertisements of cars or banks on regular basis; the need for which cannot be explained logically. The trend becomes more deleterious for the female sex, when their sexuality is exploited to attract the male viewers to convince them into buying a product or service. This practice literally turns the living female models into objects which are then perceived as equivalent to consumables or disposables, thereby creating problems for the females in real life (Ross & Byerly 51). This advertisement utilizes pathos as its central element to exploit emotions of its viewers to promote a product. Taking a look at the above advertisement, one can clearly get the idea that Burger King is selling its new bigger burger in the market now. The price is written on the lower side and the logo on top right aspect of the advertisement. Apparently, this is a simple way of promoting a product that is new in the market. However, the portrayal of a woman with an expression of astonishment on her face, her lips covered with a deep shade of lipstick and face buried under layers of makeup with her gaze fixed at the object that is present on the right side of the advertisement right in the front of her face raises questions regarding the hidden message that this advertisement delivers to the viewers. What is the object at which this model is staring? Is it merely a seven inch long, thick, dripping with white creamy mayonnaise burger in front of her face; that has made her astonis hed to the extent of protruding her eyes out of their sockets? The answer to all these questions is given in the line that underlines the pictorial

Culture in North East India

Culture in North East India Historians maintain that the boundaries of ancient India roughly coincide with those of the present day South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). There are some who believe that except for the period under the British rule, India has never been a nation state. Other historians disagree and maintain that India has always been a cultural and economic entity and the North East has always been an integral part of India. There is also a school of thought which maintains that the population of North Eastern India has greater affinity with the people of South East Asia than with those from the rest of India. The political and cultural isolation of the Seven Sisters has spawned these observations. Perhaps, it is because of such divergent views and the prevailing situation that it is not very uncommon to hear the Indian leaders emphasising the importance of early integration of the people of the North East into the national mainstream.   The North East is a magnificent tragic tapestry of people, events nature. You can be touched by its rivers, rain mist, overwhelmed by the seeming gentleness of its people stirred by its powerful evocative history. There are not less than 220 ethnic tribes in the eight states comprising the region with a population of about forty million people. There are communities with kin in the neighbouring countries. There are sensitive and complex problems that have defied solution for as long as independent India has existed. The population is about three percent of the national figure. Its people are an anthropologists delight an administrators nightmare. A settlement in a district that satisfies one group will alienate a handful of communities in another part of the same district, not to speak of the state. There are special laws, constitutional provisions such as the Sixth Schedule Article 371A which seek to protect the traditions, land rights of various hill communities. North Eastern India has been facing increasing challenges as it copes with pressures emanating from its ethnic diversity. The rising challenges of ethno-nationalism and erosion of the state authority pose an increasing threat to the national security. The present socio political scene in the North East thus underlines disturbing trends. According to an estimate, there are more than 40 insurgent groups operating in the region. Absence of credible conflict management mechanisms is evident from the situation which is deteriorating by the day. Widespread poverty and unemployment, increasing economic disparities as compared with the rest of the country and those within the region and growing corruption in public life are further adding fuel to the fire. Increasing mobilisation for economic and political space by more and more socio-economic groups is causing turbulence in an environment of limited resources and constrained capabilities of redistribution of wealth. Thus, the fear of identi ty is further compounded by a social security factor, which essentially boils down to protecting the land from outsiders and in some cases within the region from other ethnic groups. Social, Cultural Educational Background Of People Of The North Eastern States Assam The people of Assam inhabit a multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious society. They speak languages that belong to three main language groups: Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman. The large number of ethnic and linguistic groups, the population composition and the peopling process in the state has led to it being called an India in miniature. Ethnic Groups. Tai-Ahoms were historically the dominant group of Assam and were the ethnic group associated with the term Assamese. More recently, the Assamese language speaking ethnic group has been associated with the term Assamese. Bengalis are another major group of Assam and are a majority in the Barak Valley. Bengalis are often stereotyped by many ethnic Assamese as Bangladeshi illegal immigrants, especially if they are Muslim. Bodos are the dominant group in Bodoland. They mostly speak the Tibeto-Burman Bodo language and live in Bodoland. Culture Of Assam. The culture of Assam is traditionally a hybrid one, developed due to cultural assimilation of different ethno-cultural groups under various politico-economic systems in different periods of pre-history and history. With a strong base of tradition and history, the modern Assamese culture is greatly influenced by various events those took place in the British Assam and in the Post-British Era. The language was standardised by the American Missionaries with the form available in the Sibsagar District (the nerve centre of the Ahom politico-economic system). A renewed Sanskritisation was increasingly adopted for developing Assamese language and grammar. A new wave of Western and northern Indian influence was apparent in the performing arts and literature. Assamese culture in its true sense today is a cultural system composed of different sub-systems. It is more interesting to note that even many of the source-cultures of Assamese culture are still surviving either as sub -systems or as sister entities. In broader sense, therefore, the Assamese cultural system incorporates its source-cultures such as Bodo (Boro) or Khasi or Mishing (Micing) but individual development of these sub-systems are today becoming important. However, it is also important to keep the broader system closer to its roots. Some of the common cultural traits available across these systems are:- (a) Respect towards areca-nut and betel leaves. (b) Respect towards particular symbolic cloth types such as Gamosa, Arnai. (c) Respect towards traditional silk and cotton garments. (d) Respect towards forefathers and elderly. (e) Great hospitality. (f) Bamboo culture. Status of Women in Assam. (a) In Assam, the status of women is high in comparison to the women of some other States of India. (b) There is greater gender equality in Assam. The society doesnt suffer from practices like dowry, child-marriage and bride-burning. This could be due to the fact that the Assamese society evolved partially from a tribal background and has thus retained some of the original value system of equity. (c) In the field of education, women in Assam are in a better position than the all-India average. As per 2001 census the literacy rate for Assam is 64.28 per cent as against 65.38 per cent for India. While male literacy is 71.93 per cent (India-75.85 per cent), female literacy stands at 56.03 per cent (India-54.60 per cent). (d) Female work participation is another indicator of womens status in the society. Assam has a largely rural agrarian economy, which is characterized by high rate of work participation of women. Though Female Work Participation Rates (FWPR) are high, as it is subsistence farming, women do not benefit economically, though they share a disproportionate share of the work burden. Nagaland Nagaland is almost entirely inhabited by the Naga tribes except some Kukis, Kacharis, Garos, Mikris, Benglas, and Assamese etc. in the plains sector. Originally, the Nagas were not known by the names of the tribes as they are known now, but by the name of a group of villages. Gradually they have settled down to the tribe names as are found now, but still then the process of amalgamation or separation is still going on. According to the census report, there are 16 Naga tribes and four non-Naga tribes inhabiting Nagaland. Society. The people are simple, straight-forward, hard-working and honest people with a high standard of integrity. They possess a strong sense of self respect and rarely submitted to anyone who roughshod over them. A hallmark of their character was their hospitality and cheerfulness. The Naga tribals have an egalitarian society, and the village is a closely knit unit consisting of households of different clans. The Village. They traditionally live in villages. The village is a well-defined entity with distinct land demarcation from neighboring villages. Each has a dialect of its own and as such there is a strong sense of social solidarity within it. The people in it are held together by social, economic, political and ritual ties. The villages have their own identity but not in isolation as there are interdependent relationships with neighboring villages. The impact of modernization is slowly but steadily eroding the centrality of villages as a social unit as large commercial towns are rapidly coming up in every region of the Naga hills. This is bringing about drastic changes in the values, lifestyles and social setup of the people. The Family. The family was the basic unit of the Naga society. Marriages were usually monogamous and fidelity to the spouse was considered a high virtue. Marriage within the same clan is not permitted and it amounts to incest. Incestuous couples used to be ostracized from the villages. The family was the most important institution of social education and social control. There used to be a deep respect for parents and elders. Material inheritance, such as land and cattle, is passed on to the male offspring with the eldest son receiving the largest share. Status Of Women. In the classless, caste-less Naga society, women have traditionally enjoyed a high social position, with a pivotal role in both family and community affairs. However, being a patriarchal society with strong warrior tradition, it is considered an honor to be born as a man. The traditional culture and customs expect a Naga woman to be obedient and humble; also expect her to perform the roles of wife, mother, child bearer, food producer and household manager. She also supplements the household income by weaving colorful shawls, an activity which is done exclusively by women. Women are highly respected and given a great deal of freedom, however, they are traditionally not included in the decision-making process of the clan or the village. Social and Cultural Heritage. The cultural traditions of the Nagas include features which are common to all the tribes like head hunting, common sleeping house for unmarried men which are taboo to women, a sort of trial marriage, or great freedom of intercourse between the sexes before marriage, disposal of dead on raised platforms, the simple loom for weaving cloth etc. Life in Nagaland is replete with festivals throughout the year as all the tribes have their own festivals, which they greatly cherish. They regard their festivals sacrosanct and participation in them is compulsory. Most of these festivals revolve round agriculture, which is still the mainstay of the Naga society. Over 85% population of Nagaland is directly dependent on agriculture. Transformation And Challenges.  The Naga society is undergoing tremendous transformation. The spread of Christianity, the growth of education and developmental programs undertaken by the government have all unleashed forces which are churning up the tribal society and rapidly changing its complexion and character. The modern set up of detached nuclear families is fast catching up with the people as they have greater intercourse with the modern world. This is leading to the erosion of the role of the clan and the village as agents of social control. Manipur Manipur is a place where different waves of races and culture met through the ages, which ultimately mingled together. The main population of the people is of Manipuries known as Meities. The Meitei speak Manipuri language, which is in Kuki chin group. They are divided into seven endogamous groups locally known as Salai. The general characteristics of the Meiteis are of Mongoloid type small eyes, fair complexion, rudimentary beards etc. generally they are thin built with well-developed limbs. The men among them do not exceed 57 in height and women on an average about 4 shorter than their counterparts. Society. The society is patrilineal though the women bear the major yoke of labour. Women share the responsibilities of earning and are not confined only to household duties. The household is a true social unit ant the head of the family has to perform certain religious duties. Their families consist of man, his wife and unmarried children. They practice both types of marriage by engagement and elopement. Though monogamy is the usual rule, there being more women than men, the practice of polygamy is also not uncommon. Meitei women have always enjoyed high economic and social status in Manipur, and today they work in nearly every social and economic sphere of society. In particular, they control traditional retail, including the Meitei markets and the trade in vegetables and traditional clothing. The Meitei people are well-known for their sporting prowess, hockey and polo are traditional and the Meitei form of martial art, thang ta, has recently been recognised as one of the official forms of international martial arts. Culture. Agriculture is the main stay of the people. About 88% of the total working population in the hills and about 60% of the working population in the valley depend entirely on the agriculture and allied pursuits like animal husbandry, fisheries and forestry. The people of Manipur have inherent love of performing art with lyrical beauty and rhythm. Their rich culture and tradition are also reflected in their handloom, tasteful clothes and in finer workmanship of handicrafts. Weaving among them is a traditional art of women and finds an easy market. They are deeply sensitive and their unique pattern of life with inherent love of arts is reflected in their dance and music. Their dances, whether folk or classical or modern, are devotional in nature.   Tripura The Tripuri people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in North-East India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through the Royal family of the Debbarmas ruled the Kingdom of Tripura for more than 2000 years till the kingdom joined the Indian Union in 1949. The Tripuris live on the slopes of hills in a group of five to fifty families. Society Culture. The indigenous Tripuri people comprise various hill tribal communities who migrated to this land in successive waves in the ancient past. Each community had its own elementary social and administrative organization starting from the village level and up to the chieftainship of the whole tribe. The tribes enjoy their traditional freedom based on the concept of self-determination. The Tripuri people have a rich historical, social and cultural heritage which is totally distinct from that of the mainland Indians, their distinctive culture as reflected in their dance, music, festivals, management of community affairs, dress and food habit has a strong base. Mizoram Historians believe that the Mizos are a part of the great wave of the Mongolian race spilling over the eastern and southern India centuries ago. Mizo comprises of 5 major tribes and 11 minor tribes known under the common name Awzia. Mizos are of Mongoloid origin, speaking a dialect of Tibeto- Burman origin. The Mizos came under the influence of the British missionaries in the 19th century and today the majority of the Mizos are Christians by faith. The literacy rate is the second highest in the country. The people are mostly non- vegetarian and their staple food is rice. The Mizos are a close- knit society with no class distinction and discrimination on grounds of sex, status or religion. They are hospitable, sociable and love music, singing and dancing. Mizos are agriculturists all their activities revolve around this cultivation and their festivals are connected with such agricultural operations. Society And Cultural. A gregarious and close- knit society, they evolved some principles of self-help and co- operation to meet social obligations and responsibilities. Constructive social works were executed through voluntary community works. Every family was expected to contribute labour for the welfare of the community. The Mizos are a distinct community and the social unit was the village. Around it revolved the life of the Mizo. The Mizos have been enchanted to their new- found faith of Christianity with so much dedication and submission that their social life and thought- process have been altogether transformed and guided by the Christian church organisations directly or in directly and their sense of values has also undergone drastic change. No class distinction and no discrimination on grounds of sex are not seen in Mizo society. 90% of them are cultivators and the village exists like a big family. Birth of a child, marriage in the village and death of a person in the villag e or a community feast arranged by a member of the village are important occasions in which the whole village is involved. Arunachal Pradesh There are 26 major tribes and a number of sub tribes living in the state. Most of these communities are ethically similar having derived from an original common stock but their geographical isolation from each other has brought amongst them certain distinctive characteristics in language, dress and customs. Society and Culture. The whole population of Arunachal can be divided into three cultural groups on the basis of their socio- politico religious affinities.For about 35% of the population of Arunachal Pradesh, agriculture is the main occupation. Festivals are an essential part of the socio- cultural life of the people. The festivals are usually connected with agriculture and are associated with ritualistic gaiety either to thank God or to pray for bumper harvest. Summary Of Characteristics Of People Of The NE States Having seen the characteristics of the social, cultural other factors pertaining to the people of insurgency effected North Eastern states, it is imperative that the peculiarities be summarized. It is difficult to profile such a vast diverse anthropology, however for the ease of the study, certain basic similarities could be clubbed together a basic framework of behavioural attitudinal pattern could be listed as under :- (a) People have a strong affinity to their race, ethnicity have strong inclination for preservation of the same. (b) In the rural areas, where people reside in their particular ethnic group, there are stringent rules, customs traditions to be followed flouting them is taken very seriously. (c) As the people belong to the lesser developed part of the country, their basic culture beliefs are intact there is less proliferation of modernity in their values. (d) They have strong values regarding respect to the elders, women and could go to great extent to preserve their honour. (e) They are basically agrarian community, hardworking, innocent socially active within their own community. (f) They have rich cultural heritage bonds which gives them a sense of exclusivity belongingness. (g) The various societies are religious and secular. (h) The division of societies is not based on caste system. It is based on ethnicity, in a particular tribe, everybody is treated as equal. (j) Women have a pivotal important role to play in their communities. Few of the societies are male dominated but most of them have equal status for women in the respective society. (k) Education awareness is on an increase over a period of times have reached even the remote areas. (l) The languages / dialects spoken are specific to a tribe it does not have any semblance with most of the languages of rest of the country.

Project Management Essay -- Management Information Technology

Most Project Managers come up through the ranks of an Information Technology (I.T.) department. They have mastered coding, testing. This experience helps prepare them to run projects, but there are still many unknowns for the new Project Manager. The official project request they receive is typically a vague, one-page list of objectives. In addition, I.T. Management cannot afford the time to guide the new Project Manager each step of the way. This paper will assist them in the initial stages of a project. Defining the Project: Purpose The first step in any project is to determine the purpose of the project. The project purpose should be a simple statement that is the guiding principle of the project. For example: The purpose of this project is to reduce the amount of time it takes to enter an order. Defining the Project: Requirements With the purpose in mind, the requirements for the project should be set. Often, the users will need to be contacted to clarify the requirements from their initial project request. The requirements should be in business terms, relate to organizational requirements, and be broken down by functional area. For example: * Improve the response time in Order Entry to improve customer service (Order Services Department) * Give the sales force the ability to enter orders while at the customer site to improve customer service (Sales Department) * Decrease the learning curve for new Order Entry Clerks to improve customer service and reduce training costs (Order Services Department) In each example, "improving customer service" is the organizational requirement that the project requirement relates too. The department (in parenthesis) represents the fu... .... This technique only clarifies requirements; thus, other requirement gathering methods are used in conjunction with it. Conclusion The two essential outputs of the initial stages of a project are: * Clearly defined, achievable requirements that are in step with organizational requirements * A reasonable, feasible work plan Remarks In order to complete, many projects are finding it advantageous to use a lifecycle approach. One of the reasons software project management remains a challenge is that, as has been all too frequently observed, progress in software development has not kept pace with progress in hardware development. The gap between software and hardware development is partly explained by the lack of standard methods and tools to boost the software development process. In short, "The cobbler's children have no shoes."